Which philosophical viewpoint states that the mind/spirit/soul is an aspect or function of the brain/body?

The philosophical viewpoint that asserts the mind, spirit, or soul is an aspect or function of the brain and body is materialism. This perspective posits that everything that exists is fundamentally physical, including mental states and consciousness, which are seen as products of physical processes within the brain. Materialism thus rejects the notion of any non-physical substances or realms, affirming that all phenomena, including thoughts, emotions, and sensations, arise from corporeal interactions and material conditions.

In the context of chiropractic philosophy, embracing a materialist viewpoint aligns with a scientific understanding of health and disease, emphasizing the physical components of the body and their interplay with well-being. In contrast, idealism emphasizes that reality is mentally constructed, dualism posits a division between mind and body as separate entities, and property dualism suggests that mental properties arise from physical substances but are not reducible to them. Each philosophical system shapes differing interpretations of health, human experience, and the essence of existence.